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Infertility Treatment Options
1585 N. Barrington Road, Suite 406 | Tel : 847-884-8884 | |
Hoffman Estates, IL 60194 | Fax: 847-884-8093 |
Patient Name | Time Sample Collected | ||
---|---|---|---|
Patients SS# | Time Sample Received | ||
Account # | Time Sample Processed | ||
Spouse Name | Days of Abstinence | ||
Accession # | Turbidity | ||
Date Performed | Viscosity | ||
Date/Time Reported | Liquification | ||
MD | Gel | ||
Processing Embryologist | Collected in Lab? |
Sample Parameters: | Normal Range | |
---|---|---|
Volume (ml) | = 2 .0 ml | |
Total Count (x 106/ml) | = 20x 106/ml | |
Motile (%) | = 50% | |
Motility grade profile | A: Normal/Rapid forwardB: Slow forwardC: non-progressive motile | |
Total Motile Sperm in Sample (x 106) | ||
pH | = 7.2 | |
Vitality | = 70% | |
WBC (x 106 /ml) | < 1.0 x 106 /ml) | |
Fructose | Positive (if no sperm seen) | |
Agglutination | None or < 5% |
% Normal | Prognosis | Classification |
---|---|---|
Above 14% | Normal | Normal/ Fertile |
5 - 14 % | Good Prognosis | Borderline |
0 - 4 % | Poor Prognosis | Sub-fertile |
Turbidity (color) = Slight yellow to opaque gray
Viscosity = Separation from sample easily
Liquifaction = The sample moves as a whole (no clumping)
Gel = Little to no gel presence in semen sample
Volume = Greater than or equal to 2.0mL
Count = 20-200 million/mL
% Motility (moving sperm) = Greater than or equal to 50%
Total motility (moving) sperm in sample = Greater than or equal to 40 million/mL
pH = 7.2 or higher
WBC (white blood cells) = Less than 1 millions/mL
Fructose = Not performed unless sample contains NO sperm
Agglutination = None or less than 5% of sample
Kruger Strict Morphology (physical characteristics of sperm) = 14% or higher
In order for an accurate reading to be performed for the semen analysis, the patient must have 2-5 days of abstinence from any sexual activity. The sperm rejuvenates within 24 hours after any sexual activity and slows down its production around 48 hours. Since the production of the sperm continues for 48 hours, the sperm count reaches its maximum capacity within this range; anything below 2 days or after 5 days yields inaccurate results. If the patient waits longer than 5 days the sperm motility starts to decrease and the count of the sperm could be affected.
The importance of each category in the semen analysis plays a role in infertility. If a sample is too viscous, the sperm may not be able to reach the female egg as it would not be able to break out of the semen barrier. Semen volume helps with keeping the sperm alive in the female to help guide the sperm towards the egg, if there is too little volume the sperm may die faster, resulting in a decreased fertility rate.
The presence of gel shows the breakdown by enzymes in the semen to determine the liquefaction of the sample (e.g. determines if the sample will move as a whole or in clumps is a factor of infertility).
Sperm count is a major factor in determining male factor infertility as if there is not enough sperm in the sample then it decreases the chance of pregnancy. The percentage of moving or "motile" sperm in the sample helps identify how many sperm are moving towards the egg. More non-motile sperm results in infertility as it is difficult to reach and penetrate the egg. The total motile sperm in the sample explains how many sperm are heading towards the egg in the entire semen sample. It is important there be 40 million per sample as to increase the chance of fertilization.
The pH of the semen helps act as a buffer for the sperm so that once the ejaculate reaches the inside of the woman, the sperm will not die too quickly (the female uterus and vagina are acidic and are harmful to the sperm which needs the higher pH basicity of the semen for survival).
An increased WBC count signals an infection of some sort and needs to be dealt with prior to sexual activity to decrease the chance of infection transmission.
The fructose test determines if there is any fructose present in the semen sample. This is only performed if no sperm is seen the in the entire sample. A positive fructose means there are problems other than the ducts which requires further testing.
Negative results appear to have a problem with the entire male system, which again, requires further testing.
Agglutination means the gathering of multiple sperm that are bound together. This results in infertility as it is difficult for the sperm to dissociate and journey towards the egg.
Finally, the Kruger Strict Morphology of the semen sample shows the physical characteristics of the sperm as individuals. It is important that the heads and tails of the sperm are normal in order to have a chance for fertilization. This does NOT mean that if an abnormal sperm fertilizes an egg that the child will be abnormal. It simply means that the sperm was moving normal and contains the characteristics to properly penetrate and fertilize the egg.
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Karande and Associates d/b/a InVia
Fertility Specialists